Adaptabilitas Waterfall dan Agile dalam Pengembangan Perangkat Lunak: Sebuah Tinjauan Literatur Naratif
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63822/dbb1c810Keywords:
adaptabilitas, agile, NLR, waterfallAbstract
Pemilihan metodologi pengembangan perangkat lunak merupakan aspek penting dalam menentukan bagaimana kebutuhan, proses pengembangan, pengujian, dan perubahan dikelola selama siklus hidup perangkat lunak. Waterfall dan Agile memiliki karakteristik yang berbeda dalam struktur proses, perencanaan, pengelolaan kebutuhan, keterlibatan pemangku kepentingan, serta kemampuan merespons perubahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis karakteristik, kekuatan, keterbatasan, dan adaptabilitas Waterfall dan Agile berdasarkan konteks pengembangan perangkat lunak. Penelitian menggunakan metode Narrative Literature Review (NLR) dengan menganalisis 22 sumber literatur. Literatur dianalisis secara naratif dengan mengelompokkan temuan berdasarkan karakteristik metodologi, konteks penerapan, faktor organisasi dan proyek, serta pendekatan hybrid. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa Waterfall memiliki karakteristik yang mendukung proyek dengan kebutuhan relatif stabil, ruang lingkup terdefinisi, dan tuntutan dokumentasi serta regulasi yang tinggi, sedangkan Agile mendukung proyek dengan kebutuhan yang berkembang, ketidakpastian tinggi, dan lingkungan dinamis. Kajian juga menunjukkan bahwa budaya organisasi, kompetensi tim, kompleksitas proyek, dan tuntutan regulasi memengaruhi kesesuaian metodologi. Pendekatan hybrid berkembang sebagai alternatif untuk mengintegrasikan praktik Waterfall dan Agile sesuai kebutuhan proyek. Dengan demikian, pemilihan metodologi perlu dilakukan secara kontekstual berdasarkan karakteristik proyek dan kemampuan organisasi dalam mengelola perubahan.
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