Kualitas Institusi dan Investasi Asing Langsung: Tinjauan Literatur Sistematis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63822/mnskg844Keywords:
Kualitas Institusi, Investasi Asing Langsung, Foreign Direct Investment, New Institutional Economics, Systematic Literature ReviewAbstract
Investasi Asing Langsung (FDI) merupakan salah satu sumber modal yang penting bagi perekonomian. Keputusan investasi tidak hanya dipengaruhi oleh faktor ekonomi, tetapi juga turut dipengaruhi oleh kualitas institusi negara tujuan. Namun, berbagai temuan empiris terdahulu belum menunjukkan kesimpulan yang konsisten. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan mensintesis bukti empiris mengenai hubungan kualitas institusi dan FDI, mengidentifikasi variasi antar-dimensi kelembagaan, serta menjelaskan faktor kontekstual di balik heterogenitas temuan tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Systematic Literature Review (SLR) berpedoman pada PRISMA 2020 melalui penelusuran sistematis pada basis data Scopus untuk rentang publikasi 2017–2026. Berdasarkan proses seleksi dan quality appraisal, 11 studi empiris diekstraksi dan dianalisis menggunakan sintesis naratif dan tematik. Hasil sintesis menunjukkan bahwa meskipun kualitas institusi secara agregat menunjukkan hubungan positif dengan FDI, hubungan tersebut bersifat multidimensional dan context-dependent. Tingkat signifikansi dan arah pengaruh bervariasi antar-dimensi tata kelola secara individual serta berkaitan dengan konteks negara, seperti tingkat pendapatan, kekuatan institusional, dan kelimpahan sumber daya alam. Ditemukan pula satu studi yang memberikan bukti tidak langsung mengenai keterkaitan antara institusi, FDI, dan pembangunan ekonomi. Kesimpulannya, kualitas institusi merupakan salah satu unsur location advantage yang dapat membantu mengurangi ketidakpastian dan biaya transaksi, namun efektivitasnya bergantung pada karakteristik struktural dan ekonomi negara tujuan.
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